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Here is the chronology of key related separation of church and state decisions.
1947- Everson vs. Board of Education ~ the court ruled that the Board of Education may reimburse parents of children in religious schools for public transportation costs.
1968- Board of Education vs. Allen ~ The court ruled that New York may tend secular textbooks to students who attended religious schools without conflicting with the Constitution.
1971- Tilton vs.Richardson ~ The court upheld a program awarding religious schools federal grants to be used exclusively for secular educational purposes.
1971- Lemon vs. Kurtzman ~ The court ruled that religious schools may not receive reimbursements for teachers, salaries, instructional materials, or textbooks related to secular subjects.
1973- P.E.A.R.L. vs. Nyquist ~ The court ruled that New York state may not support "parochial" education with direct subsidies and tax benefits arguing that such aid directly advances religion.
1975- Meek vs. Pittenger ~ The court ruled that loaning secular "instructional materials" has the "effect" of advancing religion.
1976- Roomer vs. Board of Public Works of Md. ~ The court ruled that religious colleges may receive direct grants for secular programs.
1977- Wolman vs. Walter ~ The court ruled that religious schools may not receive state funds for field-trip transportation or instructional materials and equipment.
1980- P.E.A.R.L. vs. Regen ~ The court ruled that religious schools may be reimbursed for state required tests.
1983- Mueller vs. Allen ~ The court ruled that state income tax deductions for a religious school expense are deemed constitutional.
1985- Grand Rapids School District vs. Ball ~ The court ruled that public school teachers may not supplement the education of religious school students with classes in secular subjects.
1985- Aguilar vs. Felton ~ The court ruled that public school teachers may not provide remedial education to Title 1 religious school students.
1986- Witter vs.Washington Dept of Services for the Blind ~ The court permitted a blind student to receive government rehabilitation funds at a religious school.
1993- Zobrest vs. Catalina Foothils School District ~ The court ruled that public funding of an interpreter for a deaf student at Catholic school is unanimously upheld.
1995- Rosenberger vs. Unversity of Virginia ~ The court upheld the direct funding of a religious publication on a college campus.
1997- Agostini vs. Felton ~ The court overruled Aguilar and Ball holding that to provide remedial education to low income, special needs children in religious schools neither advances religion nor creates "excessive entanglement" between church and state. |